Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH)

FISH uses fluorescently labelled DNA probes that bind to specific chromosomal regions. When viewed under a fluorescence microscope, the number and position of the signals show whether a chromosome or a specific region is present in the normal number of copies.

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH)
Sample Amniotic fluid, chorionic villi or peripheral blood (sodium heparin)
Turnaround Prenatal interphase 24 to 48 hours; metaphase microdeletion 5 to 7 working days
Method Fluorescently labelled DNA probes
Clinical Area Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics; Rare and Inherited Disorders
Clinical Indications Method and Coverage Sample & Preparation Documents & Timing Limitations Results & Counselling Charges & Downloads

Clinical Indications

Diagnostic test in pregnancy. On fetal cells obtained by chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, this is a diagnostic test rather than a screening test.

Rapid prenatal aneuploidy detection

Interphase FISH on uncultured amniotic fluid or chorionic villi detects aneuploidies of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y within 24 to 48 hours.

Microdeletion and microduplication syndromes

Targeted FISH confirms specific syndromes, including 22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge) syndrome, Williams syndrome (7q11.23), Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes (15q11-q13), Smith-Magenis syndrome (17p11.2) and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4p16.3).

Characterisation of chromosomal abnormalities

FISH is used to identify marker chromosomes, confirm the origin of rearranged chromosomal material, test parents for balanced rearrangements detected by microarray, and determine the level of mosaicism.

Sex chromosome studies

SRY and X/Y probes are used in the evaluation of differences of sex development.

Method & Coverage

FISH uses fluorescently labelled DNA probes that bind to specific chromosomal regions. When viewed under a fluorescence microscope, the number and position of the signals show whether a chromosome or a specific region is present in the normal number of copies.

Sample & Preparation

  • Amniotic fluid: 5 to 10 mL in a sterile container.
  • Chorionic villi: 10 to 20 mg in sterile transport medium.
  • Peripheral blood: 2 to 3 mL in a sodium heparin tube.
  • Transport: room temperature, reaching the laboratory within 24 hours.
See also general sample requirements and reasons samples may be rejected

Documents & Timing

Documents

  • Label every sample with at least two patient identifiers, matching the requisition form.
  • Include the completed requisition form, clinical information and signed consent.
  • For prenatal samples, include gestational age, ultrasound findings and a maternal EDTA blood sample.

Turnaround Time

  • Prenatal interphase aneuploidy FISH: 24 to 48 hours.
  • Metaphase FISH for microdeletions: 5 to 7 working days.

Limitations

  • FISH detects only the regions targeted by the probes used.
  • Interphase aneuploidy FISH does not detect structural rearrangements or abnormalities of other chromosomes.
  • A normal targeted FISH result does not exclude other chromosomal or genetic conditions.

Results & Counselling

How results are reported

Each report is prepared by a qualified scientist, reviewed independently and signed out by an authorised specialist. Reports state the test performed, the regions analysed, the result and its interpretation, recommendations for follow-up and the limitations of the test.

Report: A signed report is sent to the referring doctor.

Genetic Counselling

A genetic counsellor can explain what this test can and cannot show before it is done, and what the result means once it is available.

Charges & Downloads

Prices depend on the test and clinical situation. Ask our team for current price information.

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